Electrical network:

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, cables, power sources, power sources and switches. An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, which a return path for current. A network is a combination of two or more components, and not necessarily a circuit. Electrical networks that are thrown only by sources (voltage or current), linear elements analyzed in a pot (resistors, capacitors, inductors) and linear distributed elements (lines) by algebraic and transform methods to determine DC response, AC response , and transient response. A network that includes known active electronic components as an electronic circuit. Such networks are nonlinear and usually requires complex design and analysis tools.

Design methods:

To make an electrical circuit, either analog or digital, electrical engineers must be able to predict the voltages and currents at all places within the circuit. Linear circuits, ie circuits with the same input and output frequency can be evaluated by hand, using complex number theory. Other circuits can only be analyzed with special software programs or estimation methods. Circuit simulation software, such as VHDL and HSPICE, the engineers can circuits without the time involved, design, cost and the risk of errors in building circuit prototypes.

Power laws:

A number of electrical laws apply to all electrical networks.

Kirchhoff is the current law:

The sum of all currents into a node is equal to the sum of all currents of the node. Kirchhoff Voltage Law: Be addressed, the sum of the electrical potential differences around a loop must be zero.

Ohm's Law:

The voltage across a resistor is equal to the product of the resistance and the current through them) (at constant temperature.

Norton's theorem:

Any network of voltage and / or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source in parallel into a single resistor.

Thévenin's theorem:

Any network of voltage and / or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to a voltage source in series with a single resistor. Other, more complex legislation may be needed if the network contains nonlinear or reactive components. Non-linear self-regenerative systems are superimposed aligned. The application of these laws results in a series of equations that can be resolved either by hand or by a computer program.

Network simulation software More complex circuits can be numerically or symbolically using software such as SPICE are analyzed with software such as SAPWin. Linearization at operating point When confronted with a new route, the software first tries to find a steady-state solution, that is, one where all nodes correspond to current law Kirchhoff and the tensions over and through every element of the circuit, the voltage / flow equations for the element.

Once the steady-state solution is found, the operating points of the individual elements in the circuit known. For a small signal analysis, all non-linear element can be linearized around its operating point to reach the small-signal estimate of the voltages and currents. Should an application of Ohm's law. Solve the resulting linear circuit matrix by Gaussian elimination.

Piecewise linear approximation:

PLECS software as the interface to Simulink using piecewise linear approximation of the equations for the elements of a circuit. The circuit is treated as a completely linear network of ideal diodes. Every time a diode switches from A to Off or vice versa, the configuration of the linear network changes. Add more detail to the approximation of equations increases the accuracy of the simulation, but also increases its duration.